List of Sciences Ologies

An ology is a discipline of study, as indicated by having the -ology suffix. Here  is a list of science ologies: An Alphabetical List of Ologies Acarology:  The study of ticks and mitesActinobiology: The study of the effects of radiation upon living organismsActinology: The study of the effect of light on chemicalsAerobiology: A branch of biology that studies organic particles transported by the airAerology: The study of the atmosphereAetiology: The study of the causes of diseaseAgrobiology: the study of plant nutrition and growth related to soilAgrology: The branch of soil science dealing with the production of cropsAgrostology:  The study of grassesAlgology:  The study of algae; the study of painAllergology:  The study of the causes and treatment of allergiesAndrology:  The study of male healthAnesthesiology:  The study of anesthesia and anestheticsAngiology:  The study of the anatomy of blood and lymph vascular systemsAnthropology:  The study of humansApiology:  The study of beesArachnology:  The study of spidersArchaeology:  The study of past culturesArchaeozoology:  The study of relationships betw een humans and animals over timeAreology:  The study of MarsAstacology:  The study of crawfishAstrobiology:  The study of the origin of lifeAstrogeology:  The study of the geology of celestial bodiesAudiology:  The study of hearingAutecology:  The study of the ecology of individual speciesBacteriology:  The study of bacteriaBioecology:  The study of the interaction of life in the environmentBiology:  The study of lifeBromatology:  The study of foodCardiology:  The study of the heartCariology:  The study of cells; the study of  dental cavitiesCetology:  The study of cetaceans (e.g., whales, dolphins)Climatology:  The study of the climateColeopterology:  The study of beetlesConchology:  The study of shells and of mollusksConiology:  The study of dust in the atmosphere and its effects on living organismsCraniology:  The study of the characteristics of the skullCriminology:  The scientific study of crimeCryology:  The study of very low temperatu res and related phenomenaCynology:  The study of dogsCytology:  The study of cellsCytomorphology:  The study of the structure of cellsCytopathology:  The branch of pathology that studies diseases on the cellular levelDendrochronology:  The study of the age of trees and the records in their ringsDendrology:  The study of treesDermatology:  The study of the skinDermatopathology:  The field of dermatological anatomical pathologyDesmology:  The study of ligamentsDiabetology:  The study of diabetes mellitusDipterology:  The study of fliesEcohydrology:  The study of interactions between organisms and the water cycleEcology:  The study of the relationships between living organisms and their environmentEcophysiology:  The study of the interrelationship between an organisms physical functioning and its environmentEdaphology: A branch of soil science that studies the influence of soil on lifeElectrophysiology:  The study of the relationship between electric pheno mena and bodily processesEmbryology:  The study of embryosEndocrinology:  The study of internal secretory glandsEntomology:  The study of insectsEnzymology:  The study of enzymesEpidemiology:  The study of the origin and spread of diseasesEthology:  The study of animal behaviorExobiology:  The study of life in outer spaceExogeology:  The study of the geology of celestial bodiesFelinology:  The study of catsFetology  (foetology):  The study of the fetusFormicology:  The study of antsGastrology (gastroenterology):  The study of the stomach and intestinesGemology:  The study of gemstonesGeobiology:  The study of the biosphere and its relations to the lithosphere and atmosphereGeochronology:  The study of the age of the EarthGeology:  The study of the EarthGeomorphology:  The study of present-day landformsGerontology:  The study of old ageGlaciology:  The study of glaciersGynecology:  The study of medicine relating to womenHematology:  The stu dy of bloodHeliology:  The study of the sunHelioseismology:  The study of vibrations and oscillations in the sunHelminthology:  The study of parasitic wormsHepatology:  The study of the liverHerbology:  The study of the therapeutic use of plantsHerpetology:  The study of reptiles and amphibiansHeteroptology:  The study of true bugsHippology:  The study of horsesHistology:  The study of living tissuesHistopathology:  The study of the microscopic structure of diseased tissueHydrogeology:  The study of underground waterHydrology:  The study of waterIchnology:  The study of fossil footprints, tracks, and burrowsIchthyology:  The study of fishImmunology:  The study of the immune systemKaryology:  The study of karyotypes (a branch of cytology)Kinesiology:  The study of movement in relation to  human anatomyKymatology:  The study of waves or wave motionsLaryngology:  The study of the larynxLepidopterology:  The study of butterflies and mothsLimnolo gy:  The study of freshwater environmentsLithology:  The study of rocksLymphology:  The study of the lymph system and glandsMalacology:  The study of mollusksMammalogy:  The study of mammalsMeteorology:  The study of weatherMethodology:  The study of methodsMetrology:  The study of measurementMicrobiology:  The study of micro-organismsMicrology:  The science of preparing and handling microscopic objectsMineralogy:  The study of mineralsMycology:  The study of fungiMyology:  The study of musclesMyrmecology:  The study of antsNanotechnology:  The study of machines at the molecular levelNanotribology:  The study of friction on the molecular and atomic scaleNematology:  The study of nematodes  (roundworms)Neonatology:  The study of newborn infantsNephology:  The study of cloudsNephrology:  The study of the kidneysNeurology:  The study of nervesNeuropathology:  The study of neural diseasesNeurophysiology:  The study of the functions of the nervous systemNosology:  The study of disease classificationOceanology:  The study of oceansOdonatology:  The study of dragonflies and damselfliesOdontology:  The study of the teethOncology:  The study of cancerOology:  The study of eggsOphthalmology:  The study of the eyesOrnithology:  The study of birdsOrology:  The study of mountains and their mappingOrthopterology:  The study of grasshoppers and cricketsOsteology:  The study of bonesOtolaryngology:  The study of the ear and throatOtology:  The study of the earOtorhinolaryngology:  The study of the ear, nose, and throatPaleoanthropology:  The study of prehistoric people and human originsPaleobiology:  The study of prehistoric lifePaleobotany:  The study of prehistoric metaphytesPaleoclimatology:  The study of prehistoric climatesPaleoecology:  The study of prehistoric environments by analyzing fossils and rock strataPaleontology:  The study of fossils of ancient lifePaleophytology:  The s tudy of ancient multicellular plantsPaleozoology:  The study of prehistoric metazoansPalynology:  The study of pollenParapsychology:  The study of paranormal or psychic phenomena  that defy conventional scientific explanationsParasitology:  The study of parasitesPathology:  The study of illnessPetrology:  The study of rocks and conditions by which they formPharmacology:  The study of drugsPhenology:  The study of periodic biological phenomenaPhlebology:  A branch of medicine that deals with the venous systemPhonology:  The study of vocal soundsPhycology:  The study of algaePhysiology:  The study of the functions of living organismsPhytology:  The study of plants; botanyPhytopathology:  The study of plant diseasesPhytosociology:  The study of the ecology of plant communitiesPlanetology:  The study of planets and solar systemsPlanktology:  The study of planktonPomology:  The study of fruitsPosology:  The study of drug dosagePrimatology:  The s tudy of primatesProctology:  The study of the rectum, anus, colon, and pelvic floorPsychobiology:  The study and psychology of organisms with regard to their functions and structuresPsychology:  The study of mental processes in living creaturesPsychopathology:  The study of mental illness or disordersPsychopharmacology:  The study of psychotropic or psychiatric drugsPsychophysiology:  The study of the physiological bases of psychological processesPulmonology:  The study of diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tractRadiology:  The study of rays, usually ionizing radiationReflexology: Originally the study of reflexes or of reflex responsesRheology:  The study of flowRheumatology:  The study of rheumatic diseasesRhinology:  The study of the noseSarcology: A subsection of anatomy that studies the soft tissuesScatology:  The study of fecesSedimentology: A branch of geology that studies sedimentsSeismology:  The study of earthquakesSelenology:  The study o f the moonSerology:  The study of blood serumSexology:  The study of sexSitiology:  The study of dietSociobiology:  The study of the effect of evolution on ethologySociology:  The study of societySomatology:  The study of human characteristicsSomnology:  The study of sleepSpeleology:  The study or exploration of cavesStomatology:  The study of the mouthSymptomatology:  The study of symptomsSynecology:  The study of ecological interrelationshipsTechnology:  The study of the practical artsThermology:  The study of heatTocology:  The study of childbirthTopology:  The mathematical study of closeness and connectednessToxicology:  The study of poisonsTraumatology:  The study of wounds and injuriesTribology:  The study of friction and lubricationTrichology:  The study of hair and scalpTypology: The study of classificationUrology:  The study of the urogenital tractVaccinology:  The study of vaccinesVirology:  The study of virusesVolcanology (vulca nology):  The study of volcanoesXenobiology:  The study of nonterrestrial lifeXylology:  The study of woodZooarchaeology:  The study of animal remains from archaeological sites to reconstruct relationships between people, animals, and their environmentZoology:  The study of animalsZoopathology:  The study of animal diseasesZoopsychology:  The study of mental processes in animalsZymology:  The study of fermentation

The Justification Of Punishment Today s Society - 999 Words

The justification of punishment in today’s society as stated by Bartollas Seigel indicates that since â€Å"it is applied by the duly authorized government body on somebody who has violated the laws of society† (2013) the issuance is therefore just. The concept of punishing law violators in return will benefit the law abiding populace is derived from Bartollas Siegel’s statement that â€Å"Punishing law violators provides beneficial consequences† (2013). Likewise, the assertion that the application and threat of punishment serve as a cost effective â€Å"means to an end† by deterring criminal behavior and thus protecting society can be gathered from this concept. Additionally, the concept that the punishment, for criminal activity is deserved, or that â€Å"criminal sanctions are justified because those who voluntarily break the law forfeit some of the rights claimed by citizens† (Bartollas, 2013), leads to the further justification of the implementation of punishment. Implying that the convicts are blameworthy or receive their just deserts for their actions adds to the justification in the purpose of punishment. Identified as an expression if public outrage, Punishment by the state serves as a means of retribution on behalf of the government whereby the need for personal vengeance is eliminated as the state assumes the responsibility for evoking retribution on behalf of society (Bartollas, 2013). Likewise, Bartollas suggests that punishment teaches a lesson as the state punishes thoseShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Corporal Punishment1273 Words   |  6 PagesCorporal punishment is a type of negative reinforcement, something that has close to no positive effect on children; it also discourages integrity and does not prepare them for adulthood. Knowing this information, there is no justification for using violent punishment on children. 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‘Materialism’ and Alienation Free Essays

A considerable number of scholars agree that the domination of capital, which prevails not only on the socio-economic order but also on the production of ideas and ideologies, is responsible for the fragmentation of cultures ensuing from the destruction of human relationships and interaction. The latter arises from the permeation of capitalism into the value systems, and, as suggested by Buber, ultimately creating the ‘I-It’ relationship, in which individuals identify increasingly with material goods, or derive their sense of fulfillment from consuming goods and the symbols attached to these, rather than the ‘I-thou’ relationship or the cultivation of meaningful relationships with their fellow individuals. As individuals seek their sense of being from consumption, they are alienated more and more from society, which scholars such as Kasser (2003) suggests would lead into the loss of meaning in one’s life and the frustration that goes with it. We will write a custom essay sample on ‘Materialism’ and Alienation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This frustration is reinforced by societal standards that put premium over the accumulation of material wealth over non-material fulfillment. The Pursuit of Money, Depression, and Alienation This is illustrated in the life story of C.P. Ellis, a man driven to join the Klu Klux Klan by his frustration over their family’s impoverishment and his own insecurity over being a low-income, white American, and his transformation into a contented labor union organizer despite. Born into a poor family, Ellis’ depression over his and his family’s financial status started from being perceived by others as ‘poor and impoverished’ in his childhood, as reflected by the way he felt people treated him and his father: â€Å"somebody looking at him and making fun of him and making fun of me.† His father’s unhappiness mirror the same unhappiness that characterized Ellis’ life as he struggled to make ends meet for his own family later on, to â€Å"work, never a day without work, worked all the overtime I could get.† Ellis’ predicament, according to Kasser (2003), is typical of â€Å"people who strongly value the pursuit of wealth and possessions.† Kasser notes that these people â€Å"report lower psychological well-being than those who are less concerned with such aims.† Not surprisingly, Ellis’ earlier experiences wherein his concern and frustration over ‘financial freedom’ is marked by the absence of a social life and of meaningful interactions with people as his life is taken over by the need to his above his socio-economic status. This makes him unable to see people beyond the labels and the propaganda, and also illustrate the attraction of the Ku Klux Klan to white, low-income individuals. Thus, Ellis’ motivation for joining the Ku Klux Klan, is his resentment and bitterness to his inability to move up the rungs of the economic and social ladder. Racist Organizations and the Reinforcement of Social Isolation The Ku Klux Klan, as a group that presents itself as the â€Å"savior of the white race,† also contains within itself the racist symbols of being superior, a superiority complex that is based on the skin color of being white. The Ku Klux Klan therefore presents an opportunity to feel power in another way, by vowing to â€Å"uphold the purity of the white race, fight communism, and protect white womanhood.† .For C.P. Ellis, the moment of ‘empowerment’ is his being ‘exalted Cyclops’ of the Klan but it is merely an extension of his yearning for a higher social status:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Here’s a guy who’s worked all his life and struggled all his life to be something, and here’s the moment to be something.† However, the Klu Klux Klan does not give its members a sense of fulfillment that is based on being able to cultivate a meaningful relationship between its members, but reinforces the isolation of another marginalized sector of society—the black people. Moreover, the Klan’s power is based not on the empowerment of the sector it represents; On the contrary, it blurs its members’ ability to recognize the real problems of social inequality by curiously turning to the blacks as a channel for the dissipation of its anger. While Ellis is interested in the Klan for its sense of belonging, he was more drawn to the aspect of being in control—something that, while he clearly could not achieve by being poor, he could at least exercise on people deemed to be inferior by society. Ellis, however, was not intent on deriving meaning from the sort associated with â€Å"spirituality and religion†¦ home life, relationships, and family†¦having fun and excitement†¦and contributing to the community† (Kasser 2003). He was merely looking for a scapegoat to focus his resentment on, from which he thought he could attain the â€Å"large number of possible goals people might have, such as desires to feel safe and secure, to help the world be a better place, to have a great sex life, and to have good relationships with other.† (Kasser 2003) In this phase of his life, Ellis therefore retains the ‘I-it’ relationship in his life suggested by Buber through his remaining fixation with material wealth and the social status that comes with it. Transformation, Empowerment, and Redemption Ironically, C.P. Ellis’ genuine empowerment would come not from material success but from disillusionment with the false power of the Klu Klux Klan and subsequent transformation into a man who recognized that people were more than their skin color. This would come from his reluctant involvement with the efforts to minimize racial discrimination in which he was forced to work with Ann Atwater—a black civil rights advocate—to pursue a better school system for their children. Ellis’ transformation would not be easy, however, and it would only come with the realization that those who had economic and political power were using the rift between the blacks and the whites to further their own agendas: â€Å"As long as they kept low-income whites and low income blacks fighting, they’re gonna maintain control.† This realization would preclude his transformation as he knew more about the relationship between economic status and political power, and as he realized the importance of solidarity with his fellow poor: â€Å"The whole world was opening up , and I was learning new truths that I had never learned before. I was beginning to look at a black person, shake hands with him, and see him as a human being.† The attainment of wealth would grow less and less for C. P. Ellis as he discovered that although material things were important to people, individuals should not let it rule their lives. Consequently, Ellis’ concern on   the goals of the labor union with which he would be involved in later, would give him more happiness and fulfillment, his sense of self mirroring â€Å"the state attained by people motivated by growth, meaning, and aesthetics, rather than by insecurity and the attempt to fit in with what other people expect† (Kasser, 2003). Ellis’ life and general direction is now a stark contrast to the sense of â€Å"low well-being, high distress, and difficulty adjusting to life† (Kasser, 2003) that he experienced earlier in his life when his sense of self was anchored on material possessions. C.P. Ellis’ life and experience therefore reflects the dangers of material wealth as a central figure in one’s life. It provides a concrete example of one man’s transcendence over the alienation that people in a highly consumerist and materialist society experiences, and illustrates the importance of establishing an â€Å"I-Thou† basis of our identity and sense of self rather than anchoring our lives to the pursuit of financial gains. More importantly, it shows how having control on one’s life will not be achieved solely by having financial control, but by being able to appease our conscience, and striving for the higher ideals of humanity.          How to cite ‘Materialism’ and Alienation, Essay examples

Is There a Difference Between Terrorism and Fanaticism free essay sample

Sociologists in broad agreement claim that terrorism and fanaticism are ideologies whose postulates are manifested in the same way. To begin with, fanaticism and terrorism are commonly associated with violence. The signs of fanaticism under dictatorship of Fidel Castro in Cuba and Kim Dzong Il in North Korea led both countries to political withdrawal from the international life and caused the death of thousands of those who had opposed the communist governments. Fanatics are as a rule noted for their incorrigible political beliefs and cruelty on those who resist to submit to regime. Correspondingly, terrorist organisations are one of the greatest threat for innocent civilians as we repeatedly hear about bombings, car-traps and suicide bombers decimating non-combatants. Al Qaeda and other criminal groups claim that they have no intension of killing private citizens; however, the numbers show that the civilian population constitutes the large portion of victims. It is obvious that fanaticism and terrorism are very dangerous for the whole population and should be dealt with with the dose of caution and deliberation. We will write a custom essay sample on Is There a Difference Between Terrorism and Fanaticism? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondly, terrorism and fanaticism flood the public with well thought out propaganda which is especially addressed to the youngest generations. Fanaticism is rooted in strong belief that something is superior to something else and this in particular affects young people. Adolescents with melleable minds are vulnerable to new ideas they unconsciously start to follow. It has become increasingly dangerous as fanatics use media to spread the area of their influence. The internet is just overflown with information about so-called preachers and thinkers who invite youngsters to join in the discussions concerning very important subjects. Similarly, terrorism adversely impacts young generations. Raising children in the atmosphere of brutality and mutual hatred cannot have positive effects in the future. Television, radio and internet are these media excessively used by terrorists to draw peoples attention. Broadcasts, video clips and anti-government slogans are only some of those elements which terrorism uses to engender its publicity. It is proved that both terrorism and fanaticism are using more and more advanced technologies to make their way to a potential recipient. Moreover, fanatiscism and terrorism revolves around religious issues. Fanaticism finds its outlet particularly in religion. It happens because more than half of the population inhabiting the globe declare the religious affiliation of one sort or another. Religious persecutions related to fanatical superiority of one religion over another have always been the subject of discussion and have provoked international repercussions. In comparison, religion no longer serves as a means of affinity with God but gives terrorists reason to justify atrocities they are commiting. The leaders of criminal groups, especially those comprising warriors of Islamic creed, claim that their fight is approved by God in whose name they are fighting. Nowadays being religious no longer means maintaining a relationship with God but using religion as a weapon against humanity. Taking everything into account, it appears that there is no difference between fanaticism and terrorism whatsoever. Both terms, although share number of similarities, unfortunately denote negative phenomena with which a modern man has to struggle.